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贴一个申请美国LAW School的LLM和JD须知
ＬＬＭ和ＪＤ必看
发布时间:2007-10-11 点击量:240
选择法学院的基本原则
(新手必看)这是ABA书籍上关于法学院选择的基本原则推荐给刚刚开始申请之路的同学看看
The value of a postgraduate law degree depends to a great extent on the reputation of the university awarding it. An LL.M. from a prestigious law school can enhance career opportunities. One way to assess the quality of postgraduate programs is to consult the various law school rankings. However, a law school’s ranking may not reflect the quality of its LL.M. program, since usually only the regular courses leading to the traditional graduate law degree are taken into account. In many cases students may be well-advised to apply to a law school that may not rank among the highest, but offers an LL.M. in a special field of law, or is known for its high-quality lecturers and instruction. Another factor to consider is the affiliations of a law school, which may provide useful contacts and job prospects upon completion of the degree.
Students planning to study in the U.S. should make sure that the university they want to apply to is approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). This is particularly important for students who intend to earn their degree through distance-learning. Please note that the ABA's approval of a law school extends only to the first professional degree in law (J.D.) offered.
For further information on the quality of law schools, or on the validity of a certain degree, contact your local bar association and your local higher education authorities. In addition, you may want to consult one of the books listed below.
美国LLM可以转JD的学校
TOP14中以下学校可以转JD：
Columbia
Chicago 需要LSAT成绩
U. Penn
Duke
Cornell
Virginia是否可以转不清楚 听说以前似乎也有过成功的例子
关于法律留学的基本术语Law School Glossary
A short list of frequently used acronyms and terms relevant to LLMs.
ABA – The American Bar Association, a bar association of lawyers based in Washington D.C., which sets widely adopted standards for legal education and professional legal practice in the United States. This organization also provides perhaps the most influential accreditation for law schools nationwide.
ETS – Educational Testing Service, a US-based non-profit organization widely known for producing standardized exams such as the TOEFL, which is a common requirement for non-native English-speaking applicants to law schools in the United States and abroad.
FAFSA – Free Application for Federal Student Aid is a form submitted by students of US universities who are seeking financial aid from the US government. The FAFSA form is designed to ascertain a student’s Expected Family Contribution (EFC), a figure that determines which need-based government grants and subsidized loans a student can apply for.
JD – Abbreviation for the Latin term Juris Doctor, used in the United States to refer to professional law degree that the vast majority of LL.M students acquire before embarking on their LL.M. degree. Although it is mostly considered to be a postgraduate degree -- completed after undergraduate studies -- it is not actually a doctorate degree as the name might suggest.
Joint Degree / Dual Degree Program - Refers to programs offered by some universities in which students can pursue two degrees simultaneously. Common dual degree programmes include those leading to a combined J.D. / LL.M., or a joint Master’s degree program, such as a combined LL.M. / MBA.
LLB – Refers to Bachelor of Laws, the term used throughout much of the English-speaking world (though not the United States, where the term Juris Doctor is broadly used) to refer to the academic degree leading to professional practice in law. The LL.B is most often a three-year degree pursued after the completion of an undergraduate / bachelor’s degree. Possession of an LL.B. or J.D. degree is a requirement for candidacy for the bar association or law society, and often for participation in an LL.M. program.
LSAC – The Law School Admissions Council (LSAC) is a US-based non-profit organization whose membership includes over 200 US and Canadian law schools. The LSAC administers the LSAT exam. It also operates the Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS).
LSDAS – The Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) is operated by the LSAC. The LSDAS collects application material (including test scores, undergraduate transcripts, essays, and letters of recommendation) from law school applicants. The LSAC then compiles this information into reports, which it sends directly to law schools on behalf of the applicant. Some law schools in the United States require that applicants use this paid service. The LSAC also provides an LL.M. Credential Assembly Service for international students intending to apply for LL.M. programs in the United States.
LSAT – Otherwise known as the Law School Admissions Test, the LSAT is a standarized exam the results of which are required for admission into most law schools in North America. LSAT results are currently only required from applicants to J.D. programs, and generally not from applicants to LL.M. programs who have already completed their first law degree.
JD申请
一、美国的法律教育制度
从实践和学术不同的角度出发，目前法学院将法律学位教育分为法律学位和法学学位。这种区分是有一个历史演变过程。美国是法律发达的国家，对法律教育身份重视，认为法律教育是一个很严肃的事情。所以，法律教育的门槛提得很高。目前，美国的的本科教育里没有法律专业。相应的只有一个法学院前教育，没有法律学位，专门为那些有志于读法学院的学生开设。最基本的法律学位是JD。JD是美国人自己发明的词汇。有些人把它翻译成法学博士是错误的。它的前身是LLB,也就是法律本科。目前，他最多相当于我们的法律第二学士学位（注意：它和国内本科生在读期间同时修的法学双学位不同。不同的地方在于它要求两年专门的法律学习）。虽然JD只是一种本科教育，但是它在美国的法律教育中的地位举足轻重。在美国人的眼里，他就相当于商科里的MBA。它是进入法律行业，从事法律职业必需的基本条件。没有这个学位将无法参加律师考试。由于采用严近严出的教育原则，美国JD的教育卓有成效。由于它被视作一种职业教育，所以它不仅招收本科生背景的申请人，也招收硕士博士背景的申请人，因此，它成为许多人的最终学位。一个JD学位足以让一个人有资格在大学里任教。许多法学院的教授就只有JD学位。在实务界，JD学位更是必备的敲门砖。绝大多数美国律师，从而法官都是JD学位的拥有者。他们有过共同的经历和相似的背景，彼此认同度很高，非JD背景的人很难进入他们的圈子，更谈不上在法律界取得成功了。
美国仍然设有法学的学位。常见的有LLM (法学硕士)和JSD（法律科学博士）。LLM学位是为有兴趣进行法学研究的人准备的。一般作为读JSD的预备学位。它的另外的作用是提供给外国的法学毕业生或律师，让他们了解美国法律制度。所以，美国人很少有人读LLM。相反，倒是很多国际学生在读该学位。在实务上，美国现在有一些州开始允许有LLM学位的人参加律考，从事律师职业，但是在实务界只有LLM背景得人仍然很难混。JSD是真正意义的法学博士。这是一个专门为有兴趣搞法律研究的法律精英们准备的学位。在读的JSD学生们很多人都是法律界的成功人士。
二、申请条件
1、大学本科毕业，成绩突出或者有特别专长；
2、在LSAT考试中取得优良成绩；
3、有有力的推荐人。
三、申请程序 具备本科学历的人，不论本科所学的专业是什么，也不论本科毕业后是否从事过法律工作，都可以申请JD学位。申请JD的程序与申请一般美国大学研究生院的学位类似，即填写申请表、递交成绩单(成绩单和推荐信不直接寄往法学院，而是通过美国国内的LSAC（ Law School Admission Council，即法学院招生委员会）转寄给法学院)、邮寄推荐信和交纳申请费，并参加LSAT(法学院入学考试)考试。
四、必备材料 申请JD者必须准备LSAT成绩、GPA、简历、Personal Statement、推荐信五样东西。其中重要性以LSAT为最，GPA次之，其它三者应该差不多。
五、考虑因素
法学院一般会综合考虑申请人的本科（或本科以上）成绩、LSAT成绩以及在申请表中所提供的其它信息，比如工作经验以及社会经历等，做出是否录取的决定。
六、 入学考试 所有申请JD学位的人必须参加法学院由LSAC举办的LSAT(入学考试)考试。法学院入学考试在北京大学设有考点，每年6月和12月考试。入学考试的具体情况可以在www.lsac.org上查询。
现场考试时间为3小时，试题由选择题和作文题组成，内容包括阅读理解、逻辑推理及分析推理3个方面的内容，重点考查考生的逻辑思维能力。考题分为4个部分，每部分考试时间为35分钟，另加30分钟写作，写作成绩不计入总分，但将随成绩单寄往考生所申请的学校。
七、入学材料
1、大学毕业证、学位证复印件
2、大学以上学习成绩单
3、推荐信
4、申请表
5、PS,有时还有Essay
6、LAST成绩
7、TOEFL成绩 每个法学院有自己的申请表，申请人可以通过邮件向法学院索取或者在其网站上下载，各法学院的申请表差别不大。申请表除了询问申请人的基本信息，如年龄、性别、简历之外，最重要的就是要求申请人写一篇申请文章(Personal Statement)。通常申请人必须在这篇文章中评价自己，并解释自己为什么要上法学院，篇幅通常不能超过两页。也就是说，申请人得将自己的人生经历浓缩到两页纸中，绝非易事。 成绩单和推荐信 法学院申请表通常会要求申请人提供大学成绩单和一两封推荐信。如果申请人拥有大学以上学历，还要提供与该学历相关的成绩单。大多数法学院要求通过LSAC邮寄成绩单和推荐信，这也是LSAC除举办法学院入学考试外，所提供的另外一项服务。 此外，有些法学院要求未经鉴定的本科学位必须经过指定的国际教育机构进行鉴定。世界教育服务机构（WES）就是这样一个机构，其网址为www.wes.org。八、时间安排
关于申请时间的安排，以打算2006秋季入学为例，一个理想的安排是这样的：2005年夏季（或以前）取得LSAT成绩，2005年暑假：选校，联系推荐人，准备申请材料。2005年9月，申请成绩单。2005年10-11月完成申请。当然，这只是理想状态，并不见得那么容易完成。
关于法律留学的一些推荐书目
第一行是书名 中间是简介 最后是购买的渠道(网上购买)
How to Get Into the Top Law Schools (Revised)
by Richard Montauk
The author of a popular book about applying ot MBA programs here gives similar advice for students interested in law school. This book discusses the decisionmaking involved in picking a law program, and offers concrete strategies about putting together a well-rounded law school application. Some specific discussion of LLM programs.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Graduate Admissions Essays: Write Your Way into the Graduate School of Your Choice by Donald Asher
Draft-by-draft account of how to write an admissions essay directed to a general audience of prospective graduate students. Contains sample essays and broad discussions about the entire application process.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
How to Write a Winning Personal Statement for Graduate and Professional School
by Richard J. Stelzer
Now in its third edition, this is a focused and concise guide to writing your personal statement, including example essays and insights from admissions officers from some of the most sought-after postgraduate academic programs in the United States.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Graduate Studies in den USA. Der Leitfaden für Ihre erfolgreiche Bewerbung
by Christin M. Forstinger and Alexander F. Wagner
German-language guide to applying for graduate school in the United States, written by authors with first-hand experience.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Language Tests
TOEFL Test Preparation Kit - Book and CD-ROM
by Educational Testing Service
Preparation material package -- including hundreds of practice exam questions and several sample essays -- published by the very people who administer the TOEFL exam. Also includes CD-ROM.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
The IELTS Tutor - Book and CD-ROM
by Lloyd and Roslyn Jacklin
For those taking the IELTS exam (an alternative to the TOEFL exam sometimes required for entry into UK, Canadian, and Australian universities), this audio-visual guide provides hints and strategies designed to maximize your score.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
American Universities
ABA-LSAC Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools
Edited by Wendy Margolis, Bonnie Gordon, Joe Puskarz, and David Rosenlieb
Annual guide published by the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) featuring all the programs approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) in the United States.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Ultimate Guide to Law Schools
This step-by-step guide includes: -- How to choose the right program -- A look inside the country's top five law schools -- Putting together the application, test scores, essays and recommendations -- Profiles of every U.S. law school.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Best 159 Law Schools 2006
Provides rankings based on student surveys, as well as student quotations about classes, professors, social scenes, and more. Also includes an index of all the school featured with the most pertinent facts on each.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Rechtstudium in den USA
by Marianne Roth and Renate Nikolay
A compact, German-language guide to studying for an LLM in the United States, with program listings and advice.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Getting What You Came For: The Smart Student’s Guide to Earning a Master’s or a Ph.D
by Robert Peters
Written by a former Stanford biology graduate student, this book gives an anecdotal and straightforward treatment of some of the “universal“ topics that concern potential graduate students in almost any discipline, including applying, choosing schools and advisers, and navigating the politics of higher education.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
The Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career: A Portable Mentor for Scholars from Graduate School through Tenure
by John A. Goldsmith, John Komlos, Penny Schine Gold
An introductory overview of academic life, from the initial decision to apply to graduate school through to the life of a tenured faculty member. Three US scholars discuss the challenging and rewarding aspects of a career in academia.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
UK Universities
The Times Good University Guide 2007
by Andrew Hindmarsh and Bernard Kingston
The London Times newspaper has been publishing its famous listings of the UK’s top university programs and courses since the early 1990’s. The annual book includes annual tables and rankings of British universities in dozens of different subjects, as well as includes sections of advice and profiles of the country’s major universities.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Rechtsstudium in Großbritannien
by Peter Binder
(amazon.com) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
European Universities
Der LL.M. in der Europäischen Union. Bewerbungsverfahren und Studienorte
by Jens Karsten and Markus Marcell Wirtz
A German-language guide to European LLM programs, written by two German lawyers who got their LLMs in the United Kingdom.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Study Abroad
Peterson's Study Abroad 2006 (Study Abroad)
Profiles on nearly 1,800 overseas programs -- Advice and articles on getting credit for study abroad, paying for study abroad, the essentials of studying abroad (passports, visas, ID cards, money, and more) -- Searchable indexes by field of study, program sponsors, host institutions, and internship programs.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Handbuch Studium und Praktikum im Ausland. Austauschprogramme, Stipendien und Sprachkurse
by Momme von Sydow, Heiner Statschen, and Sandra Többe
German-language guide to studying and interning abroad, focusing on the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Detailed and practical advice on everything from scholarships to conquering logistical hurdles, such as work permits and health insurance.
(amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
Bar Exam
Scoring High on Bar Exam Essays
by Mary Campbell Gallagher
In-depth advice and essay-writing strategies, with 80 actual questions from state Bar exams.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
The Bar Exam in a Nutshell
by Suzanne Darrow-Kleinhaus
This book provides practical advice on the Bar Exam for those who are preparing for the test. Sample situations, questions, and test-taking tips are also included.
(amazon.com) - (amazon.co.uk) - (amazon.de) - (amazon.fr)
世界律所排名排名
律 师 行 名 称 地 址 人数 所 获 荣 誉 星 级
1 世达 纽约 1467 国际仲裁、国际法和政策、国际贸易、反垄断 ★★★★★
3 贝克·麦肯思 芝加哥 2732 ★★★★★
2 高伟绅 伦敦 2029 私人股权投资业务 ★★★★★
6 众达 National 1411 公司业务 ★★★★★
4 年利达 伦敦 1360 全球并购业务 ★★★★★
7 瑞生 洛杉矶 1007 公司业务 ★★★★★
10 苏利文·克伦威尔 纽约 556 ★★★★
17 达维 纽约 1116 ★★★★
5 富而德 伦敦 1397 诉讼并购业务 ★★★★★
8 安理 伦敦 1460 最佳金融业务律师行、最佳大型股上市业务律师行 ★★★★★
13 Sidley 芝加哥 890 金融衍生业务 ★★★★★
12 Morgan,Lewis & Bockius 费城
9 谢尔曼·思特灵 纽约 865 ★★★★★
15 Weil, Gotshal & Manges 纽约 660 房地产业务 ★★★★
19 佳利 纽约 604 国际贸易 ★★★★
11 Mayer, Brown & Platt 芝加哥 950 ★★★★★
18 格信 洛杉矶 710 劳资诉讼、公司上市业务 ★★★★★
14 McDermott, Will & Emery 芝加哥 776 证券业务 ★★★★★
21 伟凯 纽约 1030 国际贸易、商法 ★★★★★
16 盛信 纽约 534 美国证券市场业务和跨国并购 ★★★★★
22 美迈斯 芝加哥 747 资本市场与并购业务 ★★★★★
24 凯威 纽约 363 国际贸易、融资业务 ★★★★★
28 富柏·查华斯基 休斯顿 728 专利 ★★★★★
20 Kirkland 芝加哥 745 工业产权、证券等 ★★★★★
26 文森·艾尔斯 休斯顿 730 能源和自然资源 ★★★★★
26 司力达 伦敦 606 证券业务 ★★★★★
23 Akin,Gump,Strauss,Hauer 达拉斯/华盛顿 854 反托拉斯和知识产权 ★★★★★
25 Eversheds 伦敦 1652 诉讼和非诉讼几乎全部领域 ★★★★★
29 美富 旧金山 761 生命科学、知识产权 ★★★★★
31 Foley 密尔沃基 755 生命科学、工业产权 ★★★★★
32 路伟 伦敦 897 直接投资、资本市场、上市和证券 ★★★★★
43 杜威 纽约 475 能源和公用事业,保健和生命科学,保险,金融服务,媒体,消费者和工业股票 ★★★★
44 德普 纽约 441 因特网,新媒体和知识产权 ★★★★
58 LeBoeuf,Lamb,Greene 纽约 900 公会和政府代理机构银行业务,财政,保险,能源,电讯,电子商务,运输,制造业,房地产和娱乐业 ★★★★
35 何顿·威廉斯 里士满 627 国际贸易争端及其解决 ★★★★
38 Paul,Hastings,Janofsky 洛杉矶 950 商业税务、房地产 ★★★★★
59 宝维斯 纽约 风险资本，国际投资，交通,媒体和技术，交通,媒体和技术，能源和环境，知识产权，房地产，争端分解 ★★★★
56 Proskauer 纽约 550 体育运动、劳动法律 ★★★★
39 潘伯利 旧金山
55 Brobeck,Phleger 旧金山 反托拉斯、电子商务、劳动等 ★★★★
52 Willkie 芝加哥 500 国际贸易、反倾销 ★★★★
53 Willkie 纽约 500 房地产、银行业务和财政,资本市场,风险资本,重建和无力清偿债务和电讯 ★★★★
46 史密夫 伦敦 1100 交易,计划和争端 ★★★★
49 Baker 休斯顿 569 知识产权、国际新闻仲裁、能源和自然资源 ★★★★
45 Mibank,Tweed,Hadley 纽约 435 银行业、资本市场 ★★★★
48 Hogan 华盛顿 1000 贸易、知识产权 ★★★★
47 Fried,Frank,Harris 纽约 房地产、反托拉斯、破产和重建、利益和补偿、金融机构、知识产权和技术 ★★★★
48 Wachtell,Lipton,Rosen 纽约 147 债券规则、税、破产和重建、环境法律、房地产 ★★★★
49 Arnold & Porter 华盛顿 650 反托拉斯、房地产、争端分解、知识产权、生命科学和产品责任 ★★★★
51 King 亚特兰大 800 国际贸易、反托拉斯、房地产、生物、税收、债券 ★★★★
星级评定标准：按所获荣誉、规模及社会影响力评定
关于LAST
http://www.laws4u.net/index.asp这里有近几年LAST的习题,真题,考经.还有许多关于LAST的东东,基本上无敌了.
http://www.todolaw.com/这里也有真题,解析,JD和LLM的大多信息和问题的答案都可以在上面找到,还有法律英语的语音教程.....
不介绍了,自己看吧,这两个网站主要针对美国LLM和JD.看看大有帮助 |
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楼主: peacemaker
雷达卡
发表于 08-1-7 08:26:09
楼主
（由此引申 － 我因此找了一个普通人的工作……）