精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-15 19:58:52

抗抑郁药在双向情感障碍的治疗中要慎重使用

这是一篇2003年的论文的摘要,翻译出来以后,我自己都觉得有点震惊。是不是自己现在在使用的治疗方案不是最好的呢?

2002年美国精神治疗协会的指导方针中提倡要在双向情感障碍中慎重使用抗抑郁药物,这个治疗方法的转变遭受了欧洲一些机构的反对。
在这篇论文里,我们重新审视了慕尼黑心理医学机构提出的反对意见,从概念上和经验上证明抗抑郁药在双向情感障碍的治疗中要慎重使用。

我们的基本观点建立于以下假设的成立的基础上

1)服用抗抑郁药物,有促使情绪循环波动的高风险性
2)抗抑郁药物在防止自杀的效果上,没有俚盐有效
3)抗抑郁药物在治疗急性的双向情感障碍上没有显示出情绪稳定药剂(俚盐等)更有效,但是在防止双向情感障碍上,俚盐明显比抗抑郁药物有效。
4)情绪稳定药剂(俚盐等)在对付急剧发病和长期预防复发上都比抗抑郁药物的效果要好。

结论
抗抑郁剂一般用在严重的双向情感障碍的病例中,在不应该滥用在轻微或者中度的病例中。在抑郁过去以后,抗抑郁剂应该停止,除非是在抗抑郁剂停止以后不断复发要维持使用(15%-20%的双向病人属于这个范畴)。

原文:
The 2002 American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder recommended more conservative use of antidepressants. This change in comparison with previous APA guidelines has been criticized, especially from some groups in Europe. The Munich group in particular has published a critique of assumptions underlying the conservative recommendations of the recent APA treatment guidelines. In this paper, we re-examine the argument put forward by the Munich group, and we demonstrate that indeed, conceptually and empirically, there is a strong rationale for a cautious approach to antidepressant use in bipolar disorder, consistent with, and perhaps even more strongly than, the APA guidelines. This rationale is based on support for the following four propositions: (i) The risk of antidepressant induced mood-cycling is high, (ii) Antidepressants have not been shown to definitively prevent completed suicides and reduce mortality, whereas lithium has, (iii) Antidepressants have not been shown to be more effective than mood stabilizers in acute bipolar depression and have been shown to be less effective than mood stabilizers in preventing depressive relapse in bipolar disorder and (iv) Mood stabilizers, especially lithium and lamotrigine, have been shown to be effective in acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar depressive episodes. We therefore draw three conclusions from this interpretation of the evidence: (i) There are significant risks of mania and long-term worsening of bipolar illness with antidepressants, (ii) Antidepressants should generally be reserved for severe cases of acute bipolar depression and not routinely used in mild to moderate cases and (iii) Antidepressants should be discontinued after recovery from the depressive episode, and maintained only in those who repeatedly relapse after antidepressant discontinuation (a minority we judge to represent only about 15-20% of bipolar depressed patients).

france 发表于 04-4-15 20:07:23

从那里摘的啊。

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-15 20:42:55

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14636365&dopt=Abstract

全文看不了,需要购买。
我想在这点上国际上的心理医生机构还存在争议,在国内着手研究的应该更加不多。
对于“服用抗抑郁药物,有促使情绪循环波动的高风险性 ”这一点已经被医学界很认同了,我自己也是很好的个案。因为一开始只服用抗抑郁的药物导致了快速循环的发作。我现在的治疗方案是抗抑郁药+情绪稳定药物+辅助性药物。所以想进一步了解“在抑郁过去以后,抗抑郁剂应该停止,除非是在抗抑郁剂停止以后不断复发要维持使用”(15%-20%的双向病人属于这个范畴)。可能去找我的心理医生进一步了解。

france 发表于 04-4-15 20:48:11

好象是比较权威的杂志。对于双相的,用抗抑郁药确实容易诱发躁狂的。国内大多数还是主张以心境稳定剂为主的,在出现抑郁的时候加用抗抑郁药,若稳定了最好就用心境稳定剂维持治疗。与那篇文章没有矛盾的。

可以清心 发表于 04-4-15 21:43:20

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-15 21:48:23

呵呵,刚才又看到一篇论文是说对于双向的病人,在抑郁过去以后,维持抗抑郁的药物的剂量是有用的,加以情绪稳定药物是理想的治疗方案。看起来这个是不是要持续服用抗抑郁药物的问题争议真的很大。


原文

Impact of antidepressant discontinuation after acute bipolar depression remission on rates of depressive relapse at 1-year follow-up.

Altshuler L, Suppes T, Black D, Nolen WA, Keck PE Jr, Frye MA, McElroy S, Kupka R, Grunze H, Walden J, Leverich G, Denicoff K, Luckenbaugh D, Post R.

Stanley Bipolar Treatment Network, USA. laltshuler@mednet.ucla.edu

OBJECTIVE: While guidelines for treating patients with bipolar depression recommend discontinuing antidepressants within 6 months after remission, few studies have assessed the implications of this strategy on the risk for depressive relapse. This study examined the effect of antidepressant discontinuation or continuation on depressive relapse risk among bipolar subjects successfully treated for an acute depressive episode. METHOD: Eighty-four subjects with bipolar disorder who achieved remission from a depressive episode with the addition of an antidepressant to an ongoing mood stabilizer regimen were followed prospectively for 1 year. The risk of depressive relapse among 43 subjects who stopped antidepressant treatment within 6 months after remission ("discontinuation group") was compared with the risk among 41 subjects who continued taking antidepressants beyond 6 months ("continuation group"). RESULTS: A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that shorter antidepressant exposure time following successful treatment was associated with a significantly shorter time to depressive relapse. Furthermore, patients who discontinued antidepressant treatment within the first 6 months after remission experienced a significantly shorter period of euthymia before depressive relapse over the length of 1-year follow-up. One year after successful antidepressant response, 70% of the antidepressant discontinuation group experienced a depressive relapse compared with 36% of the continuation group. By the 1-year follow-up evaluation, 15 (18%) of the 84 subjects had experienced a manic relapse; only six of these subjects were taking an antidepressant at the time of manic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of depressive relapse in patients with bipolar illness was significantly associated with discontinuing antidepressants soon after remission. The risk of manic relapse was not significantly associated with continuing use of antidepressant medication and, overall, was substantially less than the risk of depressive relapse. Maintenance of antidepressant treatment in combination with a mood stabilizer may be warranted in some patients with bipolar disorder.

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-15 21:55:38

可以清心
对于抗抑郁药物的服用引起快速循环的倾向,是对于双向的人才成立的。
而抗抑郁药物的单独使用,是不是单纯就能引起狂躁,我是看到过一些这样的个案,但是我的理解是这样的人本来就是有狂躁的倾向的,只是在抑郁缓解以后才明显表现,我也是这样的类型。很少有人一开始就知道自己是双向的,一般都是从单向的抑郁开始的。

另外,你所说的极其极其轻微的躁狂状态不一定是真实的。我5前多都没有怀疑过自己是双向的,虽然自己在吃情绪稳定的药剂。最近才真正认识到。

ayaa 发表于 04-4-19 02:08:29

精灵娃娃,
   能具体说说你得情况吗。
   真得很想了解单相转双相的情况,
   你是怎么认识到自己是双相的那。
   你一直吃的是锂盐么,是在5年后第一次发现躁狂还是以前就有,没有发现那。
   你快速循环是什么样的。
你如何肯定你的快速循环那。你说过你的躁狂很轻。那么会不会和正常的状态混淆,那么,你如何界定你是否正常那。
你是怎么发现自己是双相的那。
一定要告诉我啊。谢谢你啊。我觉得我和你有些地方好像,难道你的今天就是我的明天吗
   还有。查过资料。有没有感觉好多问题学术界都没有定论。很迷茫啊。我是这种感觉的。你是怎么想的那。

长风 发表于 04-4-19 10:01:34

比如博乐欣就有可能引起躁狂
吃这种药的时候医生往往给你加上碳酸锂
我加的是舒必利

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-19 14:38:04

ayaa,
我的情况是双向情感障碍,在治疗初期(大概5年前)当作了抑郁症来治疗,所以只吃了抗抑郁药物。双向的病人如果只吃抗抑郁药物,会使发病周期加剧,4年前我的周期是1-2个月一次抑郁,最厉害的时候一个月2次。4前多前我在上海找到现在的医生的时候,已经判断是快速循环了。开始服用碳酸锂,但是没有效果,转为卡马西平一直到现在(心境稳定剂有三代,很多种)。

最近医生给我解释用药的时候我才知道我是双向的,以前因为是轻微狂燥自己都不知道,一直只注意抑郁了。其实很多时候都很难区分正常情况和轻微狂燥的不同,但是时间久了,会漫漫有经验的。

快速循环情感障碍其实也是双向的一种,占5%-15%。具体概念如下。
● In Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder, a person has at least 4
episodes per year, in any combination of manic, hypomanic,
mixed, or depressive episodes. This course pattern is seen in
approximately 5% to 15% of patients with bipolar disorder. It is
sometimes associated with use of antidepressants without mood
stabilizers, which may increase cycling. For unknown reasons,
the rapid-cycling subtype of bipolar disorder is more common in
women.

望海山人 发表于 04-4-19 19:34:08

现在都成专家了

可以清心 发表于 04-4-19 22:44:22

ayaa 发表于 04-4-20 14:16:28

是啊,清心得问题也是我得问题。
精灵娃娃,在时间久了,是如何有经验得那。
能讲讲过程吗
是如何个久法那
如果没有 正确诊断为双相,
会有什么后果那;。

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-21 08:55:11

可以清心,
双向,如果是轻微狂躁的类型,在情绪好的时候,自己很难作出GOOD DAY和轻微狂躁之间的判断,你周围的父母或者朋友的判断也许会稍微客观一点。当局者迷。

轻微狂躁的类型,平时不要太去想自己什么时候是正常的,什么时候又是有点狂躁的。在服用情绪稳定剂以后,狂躁的时候更是不多的。
唯一要注意的是,不要纵容自己过度的兴奋,不以物喜,不以己悲,虽然不容易做到,但是这样的原则还是要有的。因为过度的兴奋以后,会很累,情绪很容易低落,那时侯如果有外界的刺激,就有可能陷抑郁。因为抑郁和狂躁是互补的。对于我来说,在经历抑郁的反复以后,慢慢地会发现在抑郁前的兴奋或者易怒激动状态的确是存在的。

另外双向的那个测定表,对于轻微狂躁的状态的判断也是很好的。

每个人的情况不一样,对于双向的人,随着对自己情况的了解,会明白如何区分GOOG DAY OR BAD DAY 与抑郁或者狂躁的不同。这样的经验是需要发病的实践来积累的,虽然有点残酷。

精灵娃娃 发表于 04-4-21 09:01:15

ayaa,
双向的人比单纯抑郁的人治疗要麻烦。我希望你是单向的,因为你做的测试只有3分。如果你的感觉大部分时间都是这样的,那么医生的判断非常有可能是正确的。

在没有很明显的出现狂躁以前,不要怀疑是双向的。因为很可能你这样想,才会有这样的倾向,思想有引导情绪的作用。

相信医生的判断。有例外的情况及时跟医生联络就好。
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